Switch mode transformers (also known as switch mode power supply transformers and SMPS transformers) are using in a regulated power supply and function to step up or step down voltage or current, and/or provide isolation between the input and output side of a switch mode power supply. On the primary side of a switch mode transformer, the duty cycle (on time) of the input voltage waveform is varied (switched) to deliver a constant output voltage over varying load conditions. Switch mode transformers (SMPS transformers) are designed to operate at frequencies of 10 kHz to 1 MHz. Switch mode transformer (switch mode power supply transformer) power levels now extend into the 50 kilowatt range. West Coast Magnetics datasheets detail power levels for many different types of Switch Mode Transformers.
Any switched-mode power supply that gets its power from an AC power line (called an "off-line" converters) requires a transformer for galvanic isolation. Some DC-to-DC converters may also include a transformer, although isolation may not be critical in these cases. SMPS transformers run at high frequency. Most of the cost savings (and space savings) in off-line power supplies result from the smaller size of high frequency transformer compared to the 50/60 Hz transformers formerly used. There are additional design tradeoffs. The terminal voltage of a transformer is proportional to the product of the core area, magnetic flux, and frequency. By using a much higher frequency, the core area (and so the mass of the core) can be greatly reduced. However, core losses increase at higher frequencies. Cores generally use ferrite material which has a low loss at the high frequencies and high flux densities used. The laminated iron cores of lower-frequency (<400 Hz) transformers would be unacceptably lossy at switching frequencies of a few kilohertz. Also, more energy is lost during transitions of the switching semiconductor at higher frequencies. Furthermore, more attention to the physical layout of the circuit board is required as parasitics become more significant, and the amount of electromagnetic interference will be more pronounced. SMPS transformers, due to the materials used have best electrical and mechanical characteristics like electrical and magnetic loss at any load condition, heat , noise and voltage drop, as the best electrical values. Varnishing process is carried out under vacuum. Custom designs can be carried out according to customers' requests.
Application Areas :
Power supplies, military systems, audio systems, telecommunications, lighting systems, drives , automation systems, all electrical and electronic equipment, UPS and others.